Pepsico For Peace? Project MUSE Mission Project MUSE promotes the creation and dissemination of essential humanities and social science resources through collaboration with libraries, publishers, and scholars worldwide. Acknowledgements This study of the ecological and social costs of the Green Revolution and the links between the ecological and ethnic crisis in Punjab, began in , as part of the major project on "Conflicts Over Natural Resources" of the Peace and Global Transformation programme of the United Nations University.
Sidhu, and to the many scientists of Punjab Agricultural University in Ludhiana without whose inputs and cooperation, this study would not have been possible. Anjali Kalgutkar has helped with maps and illustrations.
I thank them for all of their contributions. The Violence of the. Third World Agriculture, Ecology and Politics. Zed Books Ltd. London and New Jersey.. It may seem hard to believe that the process that brought the head of lettuce to your salad—and all the other delicious components of your organic meal, like the baked potato and the grilled free-range chicken breast—are all a major cause of climate change.
In , as a result of heightened public interest in food production and policy, the Federal Farm Bill became an issue for popular debate.
But despite grassroots activist efforts, the bill passed without serious policy changes. It was agribusiness as usual. While factory farms continue to receive huge subsidies, alternatives—such as organic production—receive only limited support, mostly in the form of research grants. The Green Revolution in India refers to a period in India when agriculture was converted into an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and technology, such as the use of high yielding variety HYV seeds , tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers.
Mainly led by agricultural scientist M. Swaminathan in India, this period was part of the larger Green revolution endeavor initiated by Norman Borlaug , which leveraged agricultural research and technology to increase agricultural productivity in the developing world. Under premiership of Congress leader Indira Gandhi , [4] [5] [6] the Green Revolution within India commenced in , leading to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab , Haryana , and Uttar Pradesh.
Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Through close engagement with rural communities, this book ensures that rural voices become part of the debate on agricultural development and suggests pathways for building on the gains of the Green Revolution without necessarily repeating its problematic social, technological and environmental aspects. This book was published as a special issue of the International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability.
Rapid change in trade, demographics, culture and environment around the Indian Ocean demands a revaluation of how communities, sustainability and security are constituted in this globally strategically important region. Indian Ocean Futures: Communities, Sustainability and Security raises awareness of threats and opportunities beyond popular notions of communities through an examination of issues of concern to local, national, regional and transnational communities around the Indian Ocean Rim.
This edited book is organized into three broad areas: the heritage and identity of communities, their sustainability and their security. The first section examines how heritage and identity are negotiated in establishing the basis of communities and public discussion of their futures.
The second part explores different practices, technologies and communities of sustainability; from technologies being developed for sustainable coastal regions to the adoption of traditional practices for food management. The final section canvasses the changing landscapes and seascapes of the Indian Ocean in relation to the broad concerns of food, environmental and political security.
As such, this volume offers the reader valuable engagement with the complex relations of communities and environments and key discourses shaping understandings of the future of the Indian Ocean region. Presents alphabetical entries exploring all aspects of organic farming, food, and consumption. From pre-neolithic times, it is argued, societal groups havealways lived in environments too poor to satisfy their material needs.
This view of scarcity and of violence is shared by both the leftand the right. Capital accumulation through appropriation of nature is seen by both ends oftraditional political spectrum as a source of generating material abundance, and through it,conditions of peace. This orthodox view holds that 'the unprecedented control of the.
The Green Revolution was prescribed as a techno-politic strategy that wouldcreate abundance in agricultural societies and reduce the threat of communist insurgencyand agrarian conflict. The British-American-sponsored Colombo Plan of was theexplicit articulation of the development philosophy which saw the peasantry in Asia asincipient revolutionaries, who, if squeezed too hard, could be rallied against the politicallyand economically powerful groups.
Rural development in general, and the GreenRevolution in particular, assisted by foreign capital and planned by foreign experts, wereprescribed as means for stabilising the rural areas politically 'which would include defusingthe most explosive grievances of the more important elements in the countryside'. Science andpolitics were wedded together in the very inception of the Green Revolution as a strategyfor creating peace and prosperity in rural India. However, after two decades, the invisible ecological, political and cultural costs of theGreen Revolution have become visible.
At the political level, the Green Revolution hasturned out to be conflict-producing instead of conflict reducing. At the material level,production of high yields of commercial grain have generated new scarcities at theecosystem level, which in turn have generated new sources of conflict.
It is in this multi-dimensional context of ecological and cultural disruption that an attempt will be made tounderstand the nature of Punjab violence - at the level of tacit and overt violence, at thelevel of real and perceived conflict, and at the level of ecological and political vulnerabilityand insecurity. The ecological and ethnic crises in Punjab can be viewed as arising from a basic andunresolved conflict between the demands of diversity, decentralization and democracy onthe one hand and the demands of uniformity, centralization, and militarization on theother.
Control over nature and control over people were essential elements of thecentralised and centralising strategy of the Green Revolution. Ecological breakdown innature and the political breakdown of society were essential implications of a policy basedon tearing apart both nature and society. The Green Revolution was based on theassumption that technology is a superior substitute for nature, and hence a means ofproducing growth, unconstrained by nature's limits.
Conceptually and empirically it isargued that the assumption of nature is a source of scarcity, and technology as a source ofabundance, leads to the creation of technologies which create new scarcities in naturethrough ecological destruction. The reduction in availability of fertile land and geneticdiversity of crops as a result of the Green Revolution practices indicates that at theecological level, the Green Revolution produced scarcity, not abundance.
This includes an analysis ofthe communalisation of the Punjab conflicts which originally arose from the processes ofpolitical transformation associated with the Green Revolution. An attempt is made toanticipate the new levels of ecological, social and economic vulnerabilities that will arisefrom a second technological fix for Punjab in the form of the Pepsi project, which marks anew era of development policy in India.
Finally, the possibility and existence alternatives, in the context of deepening centralisationand control over agriculture, is discussed in the concluding chapter. Like Gandhichallenged the processes of colonisation linked with the first industrial revolution with thespinning wheel, peasants and Third World groups are challenging the recolonisationassociated with the biotechnology revolution with their.
Post on Jan views. Category: Documents 2 download. Acknowledgements This study of the ecological and social costs of the Green Revolution and the links betweenthe ecological and ethnic crisis in Punjab, began in , as part of the major project on"Conflicts Over Natural Resources" of the Peace and Global Transformation programme ofthe United Nations University.
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